U.S. government scientists announced Monday they have gained a new understanding of how long-term immunity works.

The researchers from the National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases say their findings may lead to new ways of
enhancing certain immune responses and how to improve vaccines.

Led by immunologist Dr. Ronald Germain, the scientists took videos
through a microscope to document what happens inside the lymph nodes of
a living mouse shortly after a vaccination.

The videos reveal the movement of a specific type of immune cell
known as a cytotoxic T cell is not random as was previously thought,
but instead is guided by chemical signals released from other cells.

The researchers found when cytotoxic T cells enter a lymph node, a
combination of specific physical and chemical cues guides them to sites
where they receive activation signals.

‘Understanding the processes whereby (cytotoxic T cells) find their
way in the lymph nodes is important because their activation is
essential for eliminating infected cells and for providing, together
with antibodies, long-lasting protection following vaccinations,’ said
NIAID Director Dr. Anthony S. Fauci.

The findings are detailed in the current issue of the journal Nature.

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