New breeds of pint-sized heifers and bulls are making it easier for small farmers to raise cattle for milk, meat or just fun. On Bill Bryan’s 20-hectare spread on Maryland’s Eastern Shore, he has sold seven calves this year.

"We’ve sold the vast majority of our calves to people who have these little three-to five-acre farmettes and they’ll fence in an acre, buy a calf and more or less keep ’em for pets," Bryan said.

Two mini-cattle calves stood nearby, contentedly munching on grass in a small fenced-in area, skittering away if visitors moved too close.

Bryan is among a group of pioneering breeders raising miniature cattle that can be as little as one-third of the size of the larger breeds.

The reasons are many, they said. You don’t need 20 hectares to raise these breeds; two will do. Mini-cattle eat about one-third as much as a full-sized steer, are less destructive of pasture land and fencing and are easier to handle.

"I’m 56 years old and you want to know something? I can handle them better," Bryan said, recounting a struggle the winter before with a full-size steer who had his horns caught in a hay rack.

While each animal may be smaller, more meat can be produced overall from each hectare, breeders said. And the smaller size of each animal also has its benefits.

While some people look to save money by buying an entire cow or a side of beef, it can be difficult to store the meat from a 600-kilogram steer, of which about 40 per cent makes it to the freezer.

Miniature cattle, which weigh about 270 kilograms, provide enough meat to last a family of four six months. That’s just about the freezer shelf life of beef, said Bryan. And the meat tastes the same, depending on how the cattle has been raised and fed.

Bryan, who runs a construction business, said his wife, Donna, does most of the farm work, spending about two hours a day taking care of their animals.

"Women can raise these steers just as well as men can," Bryan said.

Bryan said most of his calves will die "of old age" because buyers are usually looking to breed the smaller cows themselves or keep them as pets.

Miniature cattle calves are more expensive than the standard size because they are still relatively rare. Bryan said he charges $1,600 US for female calves and $1,000 for bulls, compared with $500 to $600 for normal calves. But he expects prices to drop as the mini varieties become more common.

Richard Gradwohl, who has developed a number of small breeds at his Happy Mountain Miniature Cattle Farm in Covington, Wash., said six niche markets have developed for the miniature breeds.

Miniature cattle are primarily sold for use as pets, for small-scale milk-production, breeding, showing, organic beef production or for the farm-grown market, which produces cattle on smaller farms, Gradwohl said. Sixty to 70 per cent are sold as pets, he estimated.

Full miniature cattle are defined as those below 107 centimetres at the hip when fully grown, while mid-size miniatures are up to 122 centimetres, said Gradwohl, who registers 26 miniature breeds.

Another factor driving the popularity is most people don’t have enough land for full-sized cattle, which need two hectares for two cattle, compared with less than one-half a hectare for a pair of miniature cattle.

"The years where we had people with three, four, five hundred acres are gone," Gradwohl said.

"If you have five acres with miniature cattle the concentration is about two per acre, so you can raise 10 miniature cattle on five acres quite well."

Those 10 mini cows will provide about 2,700 kilograms on the hoof, compared with as much as 1,400 kilograms that could come from two full-size cattle, Gradwohl said.

"That’s true because of the feed efficiency of the animals and their hooves are smaller so they won’t tear up the pasture," which helps maintain the grass they feed on, he said.

Cattle that can be raised easier on grass only is also an increasingly desirable trait because grass-fed beef is said to contain higher levels of heart-healthy Omega 3 fatty acids, breeders said.

However, finding growers who raise miniature cattle for beef is still fairly difficult because of the rarity of the breeds and the fact most are raised as pets.

In Felton, Del., Charles Warren has a half-dozen Zebus – miniature humpbacked Brahmans – which he said are the only true miniatures because they are naturally small and have not been bred down to their size.

Warren, who works for Kraft Foods in Dover, Del., keeps the five cows and one bull as a hobby, along with a variety of other small animals on his 10-hectare property.

"They’re like a pet more than anything. I like them because they’re neat-looking, they’re oddities," Warren said.

Warren said he hasn’t eaten any or sold any for slaughter, with most going to breeders and some to a rodeo outfit.

"My wife won’t eat anything we grow on the farm. She says if it doesn’t come on a Styrofoam tray we don’t eat it."

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