Who Invented the Four-Year Degree? And Why It’s About to Become Obsolete

By Futurist Thomas Frey

The Question Nobody Can Answer

Who invented the four-year college degree? Try researching this. You’ll find it’s astonishingly difficult to identify a specific inventor, date, or rationale for why bachelor’s degrees require exactly four years.

The system emerged gradually from European medieval universities, evolved through American land-grant colleges in the 1800s, and was standardized somewhat arbitrarily around credit hours and Carnegie Units in the early 1900s. But there’s no founding document explaining why earning a degree requires four years rather than three, five, or competency-based completion.

The truth? The four-year degree is an administrative convenience that became entrenched—not an optimal learning design. And it’s about to be replaced by something fundamentally different.

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Big push for more scientists in the U.S. but there are too few jobs

scientists

U.S. pushes for more laboratory scientists.

Michelle Amaral planned a traditional academic science career to become a brain scientist to help cure diseases.  She planned on her PhD, university professorship and, eventually, her own lab. But three years after earning a doctorate in neuroscience, she gave up trying to find a permanent job in her field.

Continue reading… “Big push for more scientists in the U.S. but there are too few jobs”

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