Tag: Quantum tunneling

By Futurist Thomas Frey

For decades, the relentless march of miniaturization has defined the trajectory of computing. Transistors got smaller; chips got denser; Moore’s Law marched forward—or at least dragged forward. But by the 2020s, physics began whispering that we’d hit hard limits. Quantum tunneling, leakage, and variations at atomic scales slowed the pace. Now, a bold new architecture is daring to redefine what “small” means: researchers have created chips with memory layers only ten atoms thick, integrating two-dimensional materials like molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) onto traditional CMOS circuits using a novel “ATOM2CHIP” fabrication method. The result: flash memory that programs in 20 nanoseconds, consumes 0.644 picojoules per bit, retains data for over 10 years under stress—and fits into physical realms we once thought impossible.