Set against the star-filled skies of Chile’s Atacama Desert, UT4—one of four 8-meter telescopes at the European Southern Observatory’s Very Large Telescope (VLT) array in Paranal—stands as a technological marvel. With its advanced adaptive optics system, UT4 delivers images so sharp they rival those captured from space.

At night, beams of light erupt from UT4’s dome, slicing through the darkness. These beams originate from the 4 Laser Guide Star Facility (4LGSF), which allows the telescope to create artificial stars high above the Earth. The lasers excite sodium atoms located about 90 kilometers up in the atmosphere, causing them to glow. These glowing spots act as reference points, or “guide stars,” allowing astronomers to measure how Earth’s atmosphere distorts incoming light.

LEAP 71, a company focused on computer-aided engineering, is expanding its computational development platform to design rocket engines capable of generating thrust in the meganewton range. Building on successful trials of smaller engines, the company is now developing two new reference propulsion systems: the 200 kN XRA-2E5 aerospike engine and the 2000 kN XRB-2E6 bell-nozzle engine.

At the core of this initiative is “Noyron,” a generative development model that encodes engineering logic into software. This model automates the creation of manufacturable rocket engine designs, including complex turbomachinery components necessary for engine functionality.

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are emerging as a promising tool in cell therapy due to their strong immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties, their capacity for tissue regeneration, and a favorable safety profile. Unlike other cell-based therapies, such as CAR T cells that may trigger severe immune responses like cytokine storms, wild-type MSCs have shown no such adverse reactions when administered to humans. However, the widespread clinical application of MSCs has been limited by challenges in producing therapeutically effective cells consistently and at scale. To date, only one MSC-based therapy has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

A key obstacle in developing MSC therapies is the ongoing requirement for new tissue donations from various donors. This dependence leads to high variability and restricted batch sizes due to the limited expansion capacity of each donor-derived sample.

A new frontier in space resource utilization is emerging as Interlune, a Seattle-based startup, sets its sights on mining helium-3 from the Moon. This rare gas, nearly absent on Earth but relatively abundant on the lunar surface, holds immense potential for clean energy production and the advancement of quantum computing.

Interlune, founded by former Blue Origin president Rob Meyerson, has become the first private company to extract and sell helium-3 sourced from the Moon. With plans to begin supplying the gas to customers by 2029, the company is positioning itself at the cutting edge of lunar mining. Each kilogram of helium-3 is valued at around $20 million and contains approximately 7,400 liters of gas at standard temperature and pressure.