Impact Lab – Page 212 – A Laboratory of the Future Human Experience

Breaking the Waves: Quantum Detection Lidar Prototype Sets New Standard for Underwater Imaging

May 7, 2023

Researchers have developed a lidar system that utilizes quantum detection technology to acquire 3D images while underwater. This is the first demonstration of a prototype system that can capture detailed information in extremely low-light conditions found underwater. The high sensitivity of this system allows it to be useful for a wide range of applications, including inspecting underwater installations such as wind farm cables and turbines, surveying submerged archaeology sites, and for security and defense purposes.

Capturing 3D images through ocean water can be challenging because of the light-limited conditions and particles in the water that scatter light and distort the image. However, single-photon detection, a quantum-based technique, allows for high penetration and works in low-light conditions.

Researchers from Heriot-Watt University and the University of Edinburgh describe experiments in which an entire single-photon lidar system was submerged in a large water tank in Optics Express. The new demonstrations bring the technology closer to practical applications compared to the team’s earlier experiments with underwater single-photon detection, which were performed in carefully controlled laboratory conditions with the optical setup placed outside the water tank and data analysis performed offline.

Energy

Westinghouse’s Next-Generation Nuclear Reactor: The Solution to Energy Independence?

May 7, 2023

Westinghouse, a U.S. company, has announced its plans to introduce a small modular reactor (SMR) to generate clean electricity that could potentially replace coal plants or power water desalination and other industries. The reactor, known as the AP300, is planned to have a 300 MW capacity and will not use special fuels or liquid metal coolants, making it a simpler and safer design compared to some other next-generation reactors. This SMR is expected to be a smaller version of its successful AP1000 reactor, which is already in operation in China and is being ramped up in Georgia at the Vogtle plant.

According to Rita Baranwal, Westinghouse Electricity Co’s top technology officer, the company plans to start constructing the reactor by 2030 and have it running by 2033. Despite facing obstacles for new nuclear projects, Baranwal expressed confidence, stating that the company has kept the design simple and based it on demonstrated and licensed technology, which is one of the advantages of this concept.

3D Printer

Sweat Tells All: The Innovative 3D-Printed Wearable Sensor Revealing Vital Health Information

May 7, 2023

The secretion of sweat during exercise is not just an indicator of a good workout, but it also provides valuable information about our overall health. This includes revealing clues about dehydration, fatigue, blood sugar levels, as well as serious conditions like diabetes, heart failure, and cystic fibrosis. To enhance the potential of wearable sweat sensors, researchers at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa College of Engineering have developed a 3D-printed sweat sensor called the “sweatainer.”

The sweatainer is a compact and portable device that collects and analyzes sweat, offering new possibilities for health monitoring. By incorporating various sensors, the sweatainer can analyze sweat in a way similar to other wearable sweat-sensing systems. The 3D-printing technology allows for the creation of intricate designs, providing an innovative and cost-effective way to prototype advanced wearable sweat devices.

Compared to traditional methods of sweat collection that require absorbent pads or microbore tubes, the sweatainer’s “multi-draw” sweat collection method is more efficient and offers the ability to collect multiple, separate sweat samples for analysis either directly on the device or sent to a lab. This advancement not only simplifies sweat collection but also offers new opportunities for at-home testing, sample storage, and integration with existing health monitoring methods.

Real-world studies of the sweatainer system demonstrate the significant potential of this groundbreaking technology. Through the use of 3D-printing, the researchers hope to continue driving innovation to create a future where personal health monitoring is more accessible, convenient, and insightful.

By Impact Lab

3D Printer

From the Lab to Your Plate: 3D Printed Fish Fillets are the New Catch of the Day

May 6, 2023

The cultured meat industry has been growing rapidly, with major production facilities under construction and the approval process for finished products inching forward. However, most of the focus has been on ground beef, chicken, pork, and steak, while fish have been largely left out of the fray. But that may be changing. Last month, Steakholder Foods, an Israeli company, announced that it had 3D-printed a ready-to-cook fish fillet using cells grown in a bioreactor.

According to the company, this fish fillet is the first of its kind in the world, and they are aiming to commercialize the 3D bioprinter used to create it. While the industry has been successful in creating lab-grown chicken and beef, fish have presented a unique set of challenges. However, the 3D printing process has allowed Steakholder Foods to create a fillet with a flaky texture, just like real fish when cooked well.

Electric Automobile

Electric Dreams: Sweden to Build World’s First Electrified Motorway by 2025

May 5, 2023

Sweden has announced plans to build the world’s first electrified motorway, which will allow electric cars to charge themselves as they pass along its surface. The e-motorway, which is set to be completed in about two years, is part of wider efforts by Sweden to decarbonize the transport sector in response to a new European Union law that requires new cars to have zero CO2 emissions from 2035.

A major benefit of the road could be sparing electric vehicle users the annoyance of having to find and wait at charging stations, as in theory, the road can provide all the required power. The announcement was first reported by the Euronews website, which noted that Sweden has piloted similar schemes before, though this one appears to be the most ambitious so far. Sweden’s transport administration plans to convert the E20 motorway, which is in the middle of three major Swedish cities: Stockholm, Gothenburg, and Malmö.

“We think the electrification solution is the way forward for decarbonizing the transport sector and we are working with a number of solutions,” Jan Pettersson, a director at the Swedish transport administration, told Euronews.

Environment

Hydrogen-Powered Heavyweights: Toyota Offers Conversion Kit for Diesel Semis

May 5, 2023

The state of California has recently passed a new regulation that will ban the sale of diesel-powered trucks starting in 2036, in an effort to promote cleaner air and reduce carbon emissions. The new rule is part of the state’s Advanced Clean Fleets program, which aims to make California’s entire trucking industry zero emissions by 2045. The California Air Resources Board (CARB) voted in favor of the rule last Friday, but it still awaits approval from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to take effect.

While the ban on diesel trucks is a step towards a cleaner future, not all zero-emission trucks will be battery-powered. Fuel cell trucks that generate electricity through the combination of hydrogen stored in tanks with atmospheric oxygen also qualify under the rule. The only byproduct of fuel cell trucks is water vapor, making them a cleaner alternative to diesel-powered trucks.

Science & Technology News

Boosting Cell Lifespan: Scientists Develop Synthetic Genetic Clock

May 5, 2023

As we age, our cells naturally degrade and become less efficient, leading to decreased mobility and vitality. However, researchers from the University of California San Diego have discovered a way to extend cell lifespan and promote longevity using a synthetic genetic clock.

Using yeast cells, the team was able to increase their lifespan by 82% on average by “rewiring” their genetic circuits. While the research focused on yeast cells, the team believes it could eventually lead to ways to promote healthier aging in humans.

The key to the study was editing the genetic circuits responsible for regulating cellular processes and mitigating wear and tear. By understanding how these circuits function, scientists can tweak them to promote longevity.

Cancer

Revolutionary Brain Cancer Therapy Promises a Ray of Hope for Desperate Patients

May 5, 2023

A new breakthrough technique could revolutionize the treatment of glioblastoma, a deadly brain cancer with a survival rate of only 6.8 percent within the first five years of diagnosis. The new technique involves the use of sound waves to permeate the blood-brain barrier, a line of defense that prevents toxins and pathogens from entering the brain, and allows chemotherapy drugs to reach the neurological tissues where the cancer can grow.

The technique was tested in a phase 1 in-human clinical trial with 17 patients who underwent surgery to remove their tumors and had an ultrasound device implanted. The device, a novel skull-implantable grid of nine ultrasound emitters made by French biotech company Carthera, repeatedly uses sound waves to permeate the barrier and reach the brain tumor. The chemotherapy drugs paclitaxel and carboplatin, which are typically unable to cross the blood-brain barrier, were then able to reach the brain.

NASA, Space

Gravity Defying: Airbus Launches Modular Space Station with Centrifuge

May 5, 2023

As the International Space Station (ISS) approaches the end of its service, several space agencies are preparing to take on its legacy with their own space stations. China plans to lead with the Tiangong, and India’s Space Research Organization (ISRO) has plans to deploy its own station by mid-decade. Meanwhile, NASA has contracted with three aerospace companies to design commercial space stations: Blue Origin’s Orbital Reef, the Axiom Space Station (AxS), and Starlab. However, a new player has entered the game: Airbus, a European multinational aerospace giant, has proposed the Multi-Purpose Orbital Module (MPOP), called the Airbus LOOP.

The Airbus LOOP is a modular space segment designed for future space stations and long-duration missions to Mars. It features three decks, a centrifuge, and enough volume for a crew of four. The LOOP builds on Airbus’s long history of human spaceflight programs, such as the ISS Columbus Module, the Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV), and the Orion European Service Module (ESM).

Solar Power, Space

The Future of Clean Energy? Europe’s Space-Based Solar Power Programme Explored

May 4, 2023

The European Space Agency (ESA) is investigating the feasibility of space-based solar power (SBSP) as a potential solution to Europe’s clean energy needs. With the Solaris program, the ESA is exploring the idea of massive Earth-orbiting solar farms, which could collect solar radiation 24/7, with no disruptions from nightfall or cloud cover. The energy would then be transmitted to a receiver station on Earth through microwaves or laser beams, where it would be converted into electricity and delivered to the grid. If successful, SBSP could address some of the challenges facing the transition to clean energy and could help Europe achieve its net-zero targets by 2050.

The idea of SBSP has been around since the space race, and the technology to make it a reality is already being demonstrated on Earth and in space today. The ESA believes that space-based solar power provides a continuously available, inexhaustible, sustainable, and scalable source of energy that could not only help fight climate change but also build up energy security. However, there are still many engineering and policy challenges that would need to be overcome to make this ultimate energy source a reality.

AI

The Rise of Newsbots: Will AI Replace Human Journalists?

May 4, 2023

NewsGuard, a company that tracks and reports on disinformation and misinformation online, has identified 49 websites in seven languages that are largely or completely generated by artificial intelligence (AI) language models. The sites produce high volumes of content on topics such as politics, health, entertainment, finance, and technology. NewsGuard found that many of these sites are owned or controlled by unknown entities, and that the AI-generated content is often repetitive and bland. The vast majority of these sites feature programmatic ads, indicating that they are designed to generate advertising revenue. Some of these sites publish hundreds of articles a day, and some of the content pushes false narratives.

The presence of these AI-generated articles raises concerns about the use of AI to create entire news organizations. While it is true that AI tools have become increasingly powerful and accessible in recent years, the use of these tools to produce news content is still largely untested and raises serious ethical questions.

Military, Space, SpaceX

The Final Frontier Beckons: SpaceX Secures Fifth Launch Site from Space Force

May 4, 2023

The US Space Force has granted SpaceX, owned by Elon Musk, permission to lease an additional rocket launch pad at a military base in Southern California, marking the space company’s fifth launch site in the US. Under the lease agreement, SpaceX’s reusable heavy-lift launch vehicle Falcon 9 will be launched from Space Launch Complex-6 (SLC-6) at Vandenberg Space Force Base, situated just north of Los Angeles, to transport cargo into orbit. In addition to this new location, SpaceX has two other launch sites in Florida and a private Starbase complex in south Texas.