At the core of a promising new development in biomedical engineering is a nano-reinforced composite material composed of a fat-like triglyceride and nanoscale hydroxyapatite. Hydroxyapatite, a natural component of bone, plays a dual role in this material: it provides essential mechanical strength and offers a biocompatible surface that encourages the growth and integration of bone cells. Studies conducted in 2024 demonstrated that these properties support the gradual integration and eventual replacement of the implant by the body’s own tissue.

Dr. Thomas Willett from the Department of Systems Design Engineering observed that existing successful methods for bone grafts were highly complex and skill-intensive. This observation led him to explore engineering solutions, particularly the use of 3D printing, to simplify the production of bone grafts. He emphasized that 3D printing not only enables the creation of custom grafts but also allows for the integration of engineered features to secure the graft in place, eliminating the traditional reliance on metal screws and plates.

PhD candidate Elizabeth Diederichs highlighted the potential impact of this customizable approach. By modeling the grafts using CT scan data and precisely manufacturing them through 3D printing, the fit and biological integration can be significantly enhanced. Additionally, mechanical anchoring structures can be incorporated directly into the printed material, further reducing the need for external hardware.

The hydroxyapatite particles serve multiple functions: they reinforce the material mechanically, making it stronger and stiffer, and they provide a surface conducive to bone cell adhesion. Using CT imaging and computer-aided design, the researchers can model and produce custom grafts for bones with complex geometry or significant damage. This method holds promise not only for human medicine but also for veterinary applications, potentially reducing the number of amputations in pets and improving their quality of life.

Currently, the team is focused on optimizing the material for 3D printability, mechanical durability, and controlled degradability. The ability to fully customize bone grafts to each patient represents a significant step forward in improving surgical outcomes and overall treatment success in both human and animal care.

By Impact Lab